Retinol is the gold standard of anti-aging topical skin care — it’s used to promote cell turnover and enhance the production of collagen, which helps with issues like fine lines, hyperpigmentation and acne. But it’s not for everyone. If you have sensitive, eczema-prone or rosacea-prone skin; are pregnant or breastfeeding; or have a preference toward natural or organic skin care, you may be better served by a retinol alternative.

“Traditional retinol is made with vitamin A and helps accelerate cell turnover as well as collagen production but can cause irritation in sensitive skin types,” said Dr. Jeannette Graf, a board-certified dermatologist and assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine. “Retinol alternatives have different ingredients such as bakuchiol, peptides, azelaic acid and alpha hydroxy acids, which, when combined, can [have] the same effect as traditional retinol without causing any irritation or redness.”

The good news is that there are tons of retinol alternatives on the market, and some of them can yield similar results to the OG chemical with few to none of the side effects. The bad news? The sheer number of alternatives is overwhelming, and it’s tough to parse out the most effective subs from the more questionable ones. Plus, “retinol alternatives” seems to be a bit of a loosely defined term, and dermatologists feel not every ingredient that is marketed as such truly qualifies.

“Retinol alternatives” fall into two buckets, explained Dr. Robyn Gmyrek, a board-certified dermatologist and assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Columbia University. First are those that are not derived from vitamin A, “but still bind to the retinoic acid receptors and function like retinoids” (for example: bakuchiol). The second bucket includes ingredients that “actually have nothing to do with vitamin A or retinoic acid receptors” and are “just called retinol alternatives because they can stimulate collagen” (like niacinamide).

Dermatologists have mixed opinions on whether it’s appropriate to classify the second type as a true retinol alternative, and which ingredients even fall into the category if so. Still, if you’re venturing into the world of retinol alternatives, these are the major players to know:

If we’re assessing how well an ingredient fits the term “retinol alternative,” bakuchiol is the undisputed A+ student. The babchi plant-derived extract “stimulates collagen in the skin by the same DNA pathways as retinol, leading to improved collagen production, decreased collagen breakdown and reduction of melanin (pigment) synthesis,” Gmyrek said. “Similar to retinol, it improves fine lines, wrinkles and pigmentation. Bakuchiol is also antioxidant-rich, preventing oxidative damage and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.”

“It is reported in studies to be as effective as a retinol and even less irritating to the skin, though twice daily use is needed, and it may take a bit longer to see results,” she added.

“Rambutan is a great retinol alternative,” said board-certified dermatologist and Mohs surgeon Dr. Dendy Engelman. Rambutan is a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia. “It shares many skin care benefits with retinol, including promoting cell turnover and collagen production; addressing lines, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and other aging signs; fighting free radical damage; and protecting the skin against oxidative stress without causing irritation or purging. As a bonus, rambutan is also hydrating.”

Graf added: “This natural ingredient will act practically the same [as retinol] and show the same benefits, as it has antioxidants that will also help nourish your skin.”

However, Gmyrek noted, “more studies need to be done to determine if it truly stimulates collagen and elastin.”

“Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are the building blocks of certain proteins needed by the skin, like collagen and elastin,” Gmyrek said.

“Working by signaling the skin to produce more collagen, peptides can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles,” Engelman said. “Unlike retinol, peptides do not promote cell turnover but instead focus on strengthening the skin’s structure.”

As a result, peptides “will have similar effects [to retinol] but work differently,” Graf concluded.

“Azelaic acid is another pregnancy-safe alternative, which is especially great for those with eczema, hyperpigmentation and rosacea. It works to prevent hyperpigmentation and reduce inflammatory effects such as redness and swelling,” Engelman said of the naturally occurring acid found in grains.

“Azelaic acid works to eradicate the bacteria that causes acne, supporting pore health. It is also excellent for brightening the skin and evening out skin tone.”

However, you shouldn’t expect results that are duplicative of what retinol would do. “This ingredient won’t necessarily fight signs of aging and fine lines but will help fight acne and hyperpigmentation,” Graf explained.

This form of vitamin B can be made synthetically or derived from natural sources. “[It] increases collagen production,” Gmyrek said, “and thus leads to improvement of fine lines and wrinkles.”

“Niacinamide is generally tolerated by all skin types and is known for its oil-regulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Niacinamide is a great tool for balancing sebum production and proactively minimizing acne breakouts,” explained Engelman. “In contrast, retinol is often used as a stronger option for acne when the skin requires a powerful exfoliating agent.”

“In my clinical experience, I believe it does a lot of what retinol does,” noted Gmrek, “but I do not see results in my patients that are as impressive as retinol. I recommend it for [patients with very sensitive skin] who cannot tolerate retinols.”

Graf added that while niacinamide “is a great ingredient to have in your skin care routine as it will brighten your skin while offering anti-inflammatory benefits… [it] should not be used as a replacement for retinol.”

These can attain some of the powers of retinol, but not all of them.

“AHAs, such as glycolic and lactic acids, are chemical exfoliants that remove dead skin cells and promote a brighter complexion,” explained Engelman. “They improve skin texture, tone and hydration, making the complexion look more radiant and smooth. Unlike retinol, which promotes cell turnover, AHAs focus on exfoliation and improving the skin’s surface clarity.”

“Vitamin C is the most abundant antioxidant in human skin,” Gmyrek said. “Vitamin C has been proven to lighten unwanted pigmentation, stimulate collagen synthesis, have antioxidant abilities, and protect against skin cancer. So, it addresses the same issues as retinol.”

Still, Graf clarified, “it should not be used as a substitute for an anti-aging product.”

“I recommend incorporating both ingredients into your skin care routine, but it’s important to note that they should never be used at the same time, as they can be irritating to the skin,” Engelman added. “Instead, I suggest using vitamin C during the day, and retinol at night.”

This plant-based alternative “helps to retain naturally occurring retinoic acid in the skin by inhibiting its breakdown,” explained Gmyrek.

“[It] offers anti-aging benefits by attracting moisture to the skin barrier,” added Engelman. “It boosts the skin’s natural production of hyaluronic acid, enhancing the hydration for a more youthful appearance. This is a great alternative for those who are acne-prone since it also regulates sebum production.”

While “this ingredient will help fight signs of aging,” added Graf, it “might not be as effective long-term.”

“HYPSKIN is a bioactive ingredient with skin renewal benefits, targeting concerns such as texture, firmness, fine lines and wrinkles,” Engelman said of the marine algae-derived ingredient. “It’s also anti-inflammatory and light stable, making it a gentler alternative to retinol.”

However, “it has a lower dosage than traditional retinol, so while you will see improvement in skin texture, its efficacy will not be the same,” noted Graf.

“RetinART is a marine bio-retinol formulation that claims to provide similar advantages of retinol including anti-aging and acne reduction but without the irritation. Based on microalgae, RetinART encourages cell renewal. It is also sun-safe,” said Engelman.

Still, Graf added, “its long-term effects will also not be as promising as its traditional counterpart.”

This natural ingredient is “a 5% retinal formulated with glycerin for hydration,” explained Gmyrek, who noted it “increases skin elasticity, cell turnover and dermal thickness, and [it] protects against free radical damage.”

“Due to this ingredient being a blend that contains vitamin A, it will mimic the effects [of retinol], making it a great alternative,” noted Graf.

The pro-collagen molecule “is not reported to be a retinoid, but it claims to act like one by [promoting] the skin’s fibroblast health in order to maintain levels of collagen production in the skin with aging,” explained Gmyrek.

“In some early studies, fibroquin was actually reported to be more effective than retinol at improving skin elasticity,” noted Engelman. “However, fibroquin is not a true substitute for retinol, as it does not offer many of the other benefits that retinol does (like increasing cell turnover, addressing acne, etc.). Instead, I would recommend using retinol (or other suitable retinol alternatives) in conjunction with fibroquin for best results.”

“Lion’s mane or mushroom extract can also be a good natural alternative” that promotes collagen production, noted Graf. “[It] won’t be as harsh on the skin, as it won’t have any irritation or dryness but instead helps soothe the skin with its anti-inflammatory properties.”

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring compound found in many plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. Graf likes the “powerful antioxidant that helps visibly firm and reduce the look of wrinkles” as a retinol alternative because it “can help make your skin smoother, improve pigmentation, and increase your skin’s elasticity.” However, she noted, it “will work differently [than retinol] and have different effects.”

“Sea buckthorn is a plant that contains high levels of vitamins A and C, which makes it a great ingredient for stimulating collagen production, combating signs of aging and brightening and evening out skin tone, similar to retinol. It also helps regulate oil production and moisturize the skin,” Engelman said. “Unlike retinol, sea buckthorn is safe and gentle enough for all skin types to use. However, used alone, sea buckthorn will not work as quickly or effectively as retinol to address signs of aging or cellular damage.”

Looking for a great retinol product? These are the strongest ones you can get over the counter.

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You lie down on the massage table to de-stress, get out a kink or simply engage in a little self-care.

As a client, there may be several things running through your mind: Should you remove all of your clothes? Is it bad practice to fall asleep during a treatment? What about engaging in conversation with the therapist?

Your massage therapist, who is well-versed in anatomy, physiology and kinesiology, has other thoughts — like making sure you have a pleasant experience (and not anything to do with your unshaven legs).

To see what goes on in the mind of a massage therapist, we interviewed several of them about what they wish their clients knew before lying down to unwind.

“Usually before every massage, there is some sort of medical intake done, whether it is done via a form you fill out [or] verbally with your therapist. We don’t do this for fun. If there are any medical conditions, such as past surgeries, medications such as blood thinners or other medical issues you have, it may change the way we do certain massage strokes or may even determine if it is safe to perform a massage in the first place.

Many people may avoid telling [us] this medical information because they think they may not get the massage they want if the therapist is made aware, or they are simply nervous about the therapist judging them. Nonetheless, it is important that we know what’s going on so that we don’t cause damage, injury or make a condition potentially worse.” — Karen Stoner, a Pennsylvania-based prenatal, infant and fertility massage therapist

“These adhesions build over time due to incorrect posture. If you look at massage as preventative, however, it gives you the chance to address your aches and pains before they get unbearable.” — Chasity Wilson, a massage therapist based in Savannah, Georgia

“The objective of a massage is to give you the opportunity to let go of any stress and tension so that your body can move from the ‘fight or flight’ division of your nervous system to the ‘rest and digest’ division. If you are giving us your hand or arm during a session, or you’re trying to keep control over how we move your body, it is counterproductive. Try not to contribute. Your only job is to breathe.” — Wilson

“Passing wind can be embarrassing, but it’s important to realize that it’s very common during massage sessions. It makes sense — the therapist is targeting the lower back and glutes area, and this may cause some gas to pass through. Don’t be embarrassed! It’s extremely common and not something to feel any shame over.” — Jean Campbell, a massage therapist and life coach

“Many massages are scheduled to start at a certain time and last a certain length of time. This is done so that we can give each client our full attention and the proper care they need in the best conditions possible. So if you have a 60-minute massage scheduled at 1 and you stroll in at 1:25, you probably won’t be able to receive a full 60-minute massage because there is likely another person scheduled at the end of your 60 minutes. Don’t get upset at the therapist for cutting your appointment short and still charging you for the full time slot that was reserved for you.

Yes, we understand that emergencies arise, and every therapist is different in how they are able to handle things like cancellations and lateness, but we wish our clients understood that if we don’t stick to our schedule, it makes for a big mess in a lot of ways. We respect our clients’ needs and time, and we only ask that they respect ours.” — Stoner

“I very often see clients who are so accustomed to running on adrenaline that they are surprised (and even embarrassed) by how easily they doze off on the treatment table. When they are finally given the opportunity to quiet their minds and drop into their bodies in a safe and nourishing environment, they are able to shift out of the frantic ‘fight or flight’ sympathetic nervous system state and slip into the restorative ‘rest and digest’ parasympathetic nervous system state. This is totally normal, and a compliment to your therapist. As for snoring — it’s normal to experience a bit of congestion while you’re in the face cradle, which can make you more apt to snore.” — Kaitlin Frady, a Philadelphia-based massage therapist and physical therapist assistant

“There’s no need to apologize for not shaving before an appointment. In fact, avoiding shaving before a session lowers any risk of infection via any small nicks or abrasions in the skin.” — Frady

The only thing to note: Your therapist may need to use a little extra oil or lotion on areas of increased body hair to prevent any uncomfortable friction or skin irritation.

“Even with over 20 years of experience as a massage therapist, I still can’t read the mind of my clients, hence why I stress the importance of vocalizing how you feel throughout the session. If something doesn’t feel right or the massage is getting too deep, please speak up and say something. Ninety-nine percent of therapists will appreciate the feedback as it helps us tailor the session to ensure the best results.” — Campbell

“We hear from many clients on our tables about terrible experiences they’ve had with prior services, from walking away irritated by a ‘too-chatty’ therapist to music that was being played that the client didn’t like. Your therapist wants to provide you with effective care, so please tell them if anything is bothering you.” — Gina Tibbs, a California-based massage therapist

“So often we have clients who are confused as to what they should keep on or take off. Some types of massage and bodywork are done clothed, so wearing movable athletic attire is a good idea. Other modalities are performed more easily with nothing on (just a towel or sheet). That being said, if you are more comfortable with undergarments or you prefer to be fully clothed, techniques can be modified.” — Tibbs

“Many clients come in expecting their treatment to be the same as a prior experience with another therapist, but training and experience can be dramatically different between therapists, and their approaches will vary depending on their background.”— Tibbs

“Unless you have been seeing a particular therapist for multiple sessions, the preferred pressure tolerance on both ends may be unknown. Remember, this is your session and you should be comfortable. If the therapist doesn’t want to change their pressure, you either need to find another therapist or try a different modality.” — Stoner

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