When asked by moderator Gayle King about his personal motto in Tuesday night’s Democratic debate in South Carolina, former vice president Joe Biden explained that he had a few: You get back up after you’ve been knocked down. Everyone ought to be treated with dignity. And last, he said, “that everyone should be represented — no one’s better than me and I’m no better than anyone else.” In an impassioned moment, Biden then made a monumental promise to the debate audience. “I’m looking forward to making sure there’s a Black woman on the Supreme Court, to make sure we, in fact, get every representation.”

While Biden’s place in the polls has slipped throughout the Democratic primary, one thing has remained stable: the candidate’s historically overwhelming support among Black and African-American voters. On Wednesday, Biden garnered the endorsement of Rep. Jim Clyburn — the highest ranking Black member of Congress — and what is believed to be a critical amount of support among voters of color, particularly approaching Saturday’s South Carolina primary.

During the debate, Biden deflected a few questions about his recent lost momentum with Black voters, which were once an unwavering part of his campaign. Although support from Clyburn will certainly influence his performance in the South Carolina primary, a promise to correct historic injustice within the Supreme Court by appointing a Black woman certainly stands out.

To date, there have been zero Black women on the Supreme Court and only two Black people have ever served: The first was late Justice Thurgood Marshall, who was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 and served on the Court until 1991; the second was Justice Clarence Thomas, who was appointed by President George H.W. Bush in 1991 to succeed Marshall. Thomas continues to serve on the Court today. Justice Sonia Sotomayor, nominated to the Court by President Barack Obama in 2009, became the first Latinx Supreme Court Justice of any gender when she assumed the bench. But, the lack of any Black women sitting as Supreme Court Justices in history is a larger issue of representation in the U.S.

A lack of racial and gender diversity is a major issue across all levels of the U.S. justice system. More than 73% of all sitting federal judges are men and 80% of all sitting federal judges are white. The presence of racial and gender diversity on the bench has been shown to positively affect decision-making, and President Trump has appointed the least diverse group of federal judges — both in terms of race and gender — in the past three decades. The number of non-white and women members of the U.S. population far surpasses the proportion of white and male nominees to the federal court system, creating a justice system that inherently does not look like the people it is meant to serve.

Currently, 50% of the active judges in the federal court system are both white and male. People of color and women comprise just 27% and 33% of the active federal bench, respectively. These figures are now trending downwards as a result of the impact of the Trump appointments.  

And all of the lack of diversity isn’t for lack of trying, either. Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, 49, was the first black woman interviewed as a potential Supreme Court Justice nominee when she met with President Obama in 2016 following the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. The nomination ultimately went to Judge Merrick Garland, who failed to be confirmed by the Senate during the remainder of Obama’s term, with the vacancy eventually filled by Judge Neil Gorsuch, a Trump-appointee and a cisgender white man.  

Biden clearly knows that no candidate can secure the nomination without clearly defining the ways in which they will address inequality of all kinds currently plaguing the country, including that of the U.S. federal court system. Recognizing the need for representation of Black women in particular, thought to be the deciding voting block of the South Carolina primary and the subsequent Southern primaries, is a key political move for any candidate who hopes to make it to the ballot in November, especially for a candidate like Biden whose credentials on racial equality have been called into question throughout the race.

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Elizabeth Warren Says She Was Fired While Pregnant

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At Tuesday’s Democratic Debate in South Carolina, Sen. Elizabeth Warren brought up the topic of pregnancy discrimination in the workforce, including an anecdote of her personal experience with it. While calling out former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s alleged sexist comments to a former employee encouraging her to have an abortion or risk losing her job, Warren shared with the debate crowd her own story. 

“You know this is personal for me,” the senator said. “When I was 21 years old, I got my first job as a special education teacher. I loved that job. And by the end of the first year, I was visibly pregnant. The principal wished me luck and gave my job to someone else.” Warren went on to explain how, at age 21, she was not protected by a union or any federal laws to prevent pregnancy discrimination. “So I packed up my stuff, and I went home. At least I didn’t have a boss who said to me, ‘Kill it,’ the way that Mayor Bloomberg is alleged to have said to one of his pregnant employees.”

Warren and Bloomberg went on to spar further on the realities of pregnancy discrimination, with Bloomberg asserting that Warren’s own experience would not have happened in New York while he was mayor. Warren pushed back by asking why, then, Bloomberg continues to have so many of his former women employees with raised issues of sex-based discrimination bound by non-disclosure agreements (NDAs). 

The impassioned applause that Warren got in response came from an obvious familiarity for too many women — and one that has a significant impact on the American economy. Despite mothers being the primary or co-breadwinners in 40% of American families, discrimination against pregnant women and mothers in the workplace is still prevalent. From 2006 to 2016 alone, lawsuits involving women who need accommodations at work while pregnant increased by 315%. And, the hits women endure as a result of choosing to become working parents don’t end there. Women are also reported to lose 4% of their hourly wages for every child they have, too. 

Beyond that, low-wage workers and women of color are disproportionately impacted by pregnancy discrimination. Between the 2011 and 2015 alone, Black or African-American women filed 28.6 percent of all pregnancy discrimination charges with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), despite making up just 14.3 percent of the women labor force. Given that women of color hold the majority of low-wage jobs, they are often doubly penalized economically when it comes to trying to engage in the labor market and support their families while also growing those families. 

This type of inherent and system discrimination that Warren called out in the debate is very much still happening in the U.S., despite the fact that the Pregnancy Discrimination Act was enacted in 1978. As the election cycle drudges on with two women leading conversations about gender equality, addressing the reality of pregnancy discrimination and what it means for women’s economic stability and mobility is a critical issue for every 2020 candidate.

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